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Ukudla okuwuketshezi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni futhi kuncishiswe amatshe ezinso aphindelelayo.Kube nomkhuba eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okuqapha uketshezi olusetshenziswayo kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo “ehlakaniphile” njengamabhodlela ahlakaniphile.Kunamabhodlela ezingane ahlakaniphile athengiswayo atholakalayo, ahloselwe kakhulu abantu abadala abakhathalela impilo.Ngokwazi kwethu, lawa mabhodlela awaqinisekisiwe ezincwadini.Lolu cwaningo luqhathanise ukusebenza nokusebenza kwamabhodlela amane okuphakelayo atholakalayo adayiswayo.Amabhodlela yi-H2OPal, HidrateSpark Steel, HidrateSpark 3 kanye ne-Thermos Smart Lid.One izehlakalo zokungenisa eziyikhulu ngebhodlela ngalinye zarekhodwa futhi zahlaziywa futhi zaqhathaniswa neqiniso eliphansi elitholwe esikalini sokulungiswa okuphezulu.I-H2OPal inephutha lesilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu (MPE) futhi iyakwazi ukulinganisa amaphutha kuwo wonke ama-sips amaningi.I-HidrateSpark 3 inikeza imiphumela engaguquki nethembekile enamaphutha aphansi okuphuza ngesikhathi.Amanani e-MPE amabhodlela e-HidrateSpark athuthukiswa nakakhulu kusetshenziswa ukuhlehla komugqa njengoba abe namavelu ephutha angashintshile.I-Thermos Smart Lid yayinembe kancane, njengoba inzwa ayizange inwebe kulo lonke. ibhodlela, okwenza amarekhodi amaningi alahleke.
Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu ngoba kungaholela ezinkingeni ezimbi, okuhlanganisa ukudideka, ukuwa, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa.Ibhalansi yokuphuza uketshezi ibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu abanezimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi ezithinta ukulawulwa kwamanzi.Iziguli ezisengozini yokuphindaphinda ukwakheka kwamatshe kuyalulekwa ukuba kudle amanzi amaningi.Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ukuphuza uketshezi kuyindlela ewusizo yokunquma ukuthi kuthathwa yini uketshezi okwanele1,2.Kunemizamo eminingi ezincwadini zokudala imibiko yezinhlelo noma amadivaysi angasiza ukulandelela futhi ulawule ukuphuza uketshezi.Ngeshwa, eziningi zalezi zifundo azizange ziphumele ekuthengeni umkhiqizo otholakalayo.Amabhodlela emakethe ngokuyinhloko ahloselwe abasubathi bezokungcebeleka noma abantu abadala abakhathalela impilo abafuna ukwengeza amanzi.Kulesi sihloko, besihlose ukunquma ukuthi avamile yini , amabhodlela amanzi athengiswayo ayisixazululo esisebenzayo kubacwaningi neziguli.Siqhathanise amabhodlela amanzi amane okuhweba ngokusebenza nokusebenza.Amabhodlela yi-HidrateSpark 34, HidrateSpark Steel5, H2O Pal6 kanye ne-Thermos Smart Lid7 njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.Lawa mabhodlela akhethwa ngoba angelinye lamabhodlela amane kuphela athandwayo (1) atholakalayo ukuze athengwe eCanada futhi (2) anedatha yevolumu ye-sip efinyeleleka ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula.
Izithombe zamabhodlela okuthengisa ahlaziywe: (a) HidrateSpark 34, (b) HidrateSpark Steel5, (c) H2OPal6, (d) Thermos Smart Lid7.Ibhokisi elinedeshi elibomvu libonisa indawo yenzwa.
Kula mabhodlela angenhla, yizinguqulo zangaphambili kuphela ze-HidrateSpark eziqinisekisiwe ocwaningweni8.Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ibhodlela le-HidrateSpark lalinembile phakathi kuka-3% wokulinganisa inani eliphelele phakathi nenkathi yamahora angu-24 yokuphuza uketshezi.I-HidrateSpark nayo iye yasetshenziswa ezifundweni zomtholampilo. ukuqapha ukungenisa kweziguli ezinezinso zezinso9.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-HidrateSpark ithuthukise amabhodlela amasha anezinzwa ezahlukene.I-H2OPal isetshenziswe kwezinye izifundo ukulandelela nokukhuthaza ukuphuza uketshezi, kodwa akukho zifundo ezithile eziye zaqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo2,10.Pletcher et al. Izici ze-geriatric nolwazi olutholakala ku-inthanethi luqhathaniswe namabhodlela okuthengisa ambalwa, kodwa awazange enze noma yikuphi ukuqinisekiswa kokunemba kwawo11.
Wone amabhodlela okuthengisa ahlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala lobunikazi lokubonisa nokugcina imicimbi yokungenisa esakazwa nge-Bluetooth.I-HidrateSpark 3 ne-Thermos Smart Lid zinenzwa phakathi kwebhodlela, ngokunokwenzeka zisebenzisa inzwa ye-capacitive, kuyilapho i-HidrateSpark Steel ne-H2Opal zinenzwa. inzwa ngaphansi, kusetshenziswa inzwa yomthwalo noma yokucindezela.Indawo yenzwa iboniswa ebhokisini elinedeshi elibomvu kuMfanekiso 1.Kusivalo esihlakaniphile se-Thermos, inzwa ayikwazi ukufika ngaphansi kwesiqukathi.
Ibhodlela ngalinye lihlolwa ngezigaba ezimbili: (1) isigaba sokumunca esilawulwayo kanye (2) nesigaba sokuphila mahhala. Kuzo zombili izigaba, imiphumela eqoshwe ibhodlela (etholwe ohlelweni lokusebenza lweselula lomkhiqizo olusetshenziswa ku-Android 11) iqhathaniswe ne iqiniso eliyisisekelo elitholwe kusetshenziswa isikali esingu-5 kg (I-Starfrit Electronic Kitchen Scale 93756).Wonke amabhodlela alinganiswa ngaphambi kokuthi idatha iqoqwe kusetshenziswa uhlelo lokusebenza.Esigabeni soku-1, osayizi bamaphuzo abasuka ku-10 mL ukuya ku-100 mL ka-10 mL kuya ku-100 mL balinganiswa ngokungahleliwe. i-oda, izilinganiso ezi-5 ngayinye, isamba sezilinganiso ezingama-50 ibhodlela ngalinye. Lezi zenzakalo azizona izehlakalo zokuphuza zangempela kubantu, kodwa zithululwa ukuze inani lokudonsa ngakunye lilawuleke kangcono.Kulesi sigaba, linganisa kabusha ibhodlela uma Iphutha le-sip likhulu kuno-50 mL, futhi ibhangqa kabusha uma uhlelo lokusebenza lulahlekelwa uxhumano lwe-bluetooth ebhodleleni.Phakathi nesigaba sempilo yamahhala, umsebenzisi uphuza amanzi ngokukhululeka ebhodleleni phakathi nosuku, futhi ukhetha ukuphuzwa okuhlukile.Lesi sigaba futhi kufaka phakathi ama-sips angu-50 ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa hhayi wonke ngokulandelana.Ngakho-ke, ibhodlela ngalinye linedathasethi yesamba sezilinganiso eziyi-100.
Ukuze unqume inani eliphelele loketshezi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okufanele kwansuku zonke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nezilinganiso ezinembile zomthamo womthamo usuku lonke (amahora angu-24) kunokuphuzwa njalo. njengoba kwenziwa ocwaningweni lukaConroy et al. 2 .Uma isiphuzo singarekhodwanga noma singarekhodwanga kahle, kubalulekile ukuthi ibhodlela likwazi ukulinganisa ivolumu ekurekhodeni okulandelayo.Ngakho-ke, iphutha (ivolumu elinganisiwe - ivolumu yangempela) lilungiswa ngesandla.Isibonelo, ake sithi umuntu ophuze u-10 i-mL nebhodlela kubike u-0 mL, kodwa isihloko saphuza u-20 mL futhi ibhodlela labika inani eliphelele lama-30 mL, iphutha elilungisiwe lizoba ngu-0 mL.
Ithebula 1 libala amamethrikhi okusebenza ahlukahlukene ebhodlela ngalinye elicabangela izigaba ezimbili (ama-sips angu-100).Iphutha lesilinganiso sephesenti (MPE) ngokuphuza ngakunye, iphutha elisho iphutha eliphelele (MAE) ngokuphuza ngakunye, kanye ne-MPE eqoqiwe ibalwa kanje:
lapho \({S}_{act}^{i}\) kanye \({S}_{est}^{i}\) okuyizinto zangempela nezilinganiselwe zokuthatha \({i}_{th}\ ) phuza, futhi \(n\) iyinani eliphelele lama-sips.\({C}_{act}^{k}\) futhi \({C}_{est}^{k}\) imelela inani elikhulayo okokugcina \(k\) okuphuzwayo.I-Sip MPE ibheka iphutha lephesenti lokudonsa ngakunye, kuyilapho i-Cumulative MPE ibheka iphutha lephesenti eliphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngokwemiphumela ekuThebula 1, i-H2OPal inenani eliphansi kakhulu amarekhodi alahlekile, i-Sip MPE ephansi kakhulu, kanye ne-MPE eqongelelwe ephansi kakhulu.Iphutha lencazelo lingcono kune- mean absolute error (MAE) njengemethrikhi yokuqhathanisa lapho kunqunywa inani eliphelele lokudla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Ngoba libonisa ikhono lebhodlela lokululama ezilinganisweni eziphansi isikhathi ngenkathi urekhoda izilinganiso ezilandelanayo.I-sip MAE iphinde ifakwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ukunemba kokuphuza ngakunye kubalulekile ngoba ibala iphutha eliphelele lokuphuzwa ngakunye.I-Cumulative MPE iphinda ilinganise ukuthi izilinganiso zibhalansiswa kahle kangakanani kuso sonke isigaba futhi ayijezisi a phuza okukodwa.Okunye okuphawulwe ukuthi amabhodlela ama-3 kwangu-4 alinganisele kancane umthamo womthamo womlomo ngamunye oboniswe kuThebula 1 elinezinombolo ezinegethivu.
I-Pearson coefficients yokuhlanganisa i-R-squared yawo wonke amabhodlela iphinde ikhonjiswe kuThebula 1.I-HidrateSpark 3 inikeza i-coefficient ephezulu kakhulu yokuhlobana.Nakuba i-HidrateSpark 3 inamarekhodi ashodayo, iningi lawo imilomo emincane (Isakhiwo se-Bland-Altman esikuMdwebo 2 siphinde siqinisekise ukuthi i-HidrateSpark 3 inomkhawulo omncane wesivumelwano (LoA) uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhodlela amathathu. I-LoA ihlaziya ukuthi amanani angempela nakaliwe avumelana kangakanani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izilinganiso beziku- Ibanga le-LoA, eliqinisekisa ukuthi leli bhodlela linikeza imiphumela engaguquki, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2c. Nokho, amanani amaningi angaphansi kweziro, okusho ukuthi usayizi wokuphuzwa ngokuvamile uthathwa kancane.Kunjalo nange-HidrateSpark Steel ku-Figure 2b, lapho amanani amaningi wephutha enegethivu.Ngakho-ke, lawa mabhodlela amabili ahlinzeka nge-MPE ephezulu kakhulu kanye ne-MPE eqongelelwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-H2Opal ne-Thermos Smart Lid, namaphutha asatshalaliswa ngaphezulu nangaphansi kuka-0, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Fig. 2a,d.
Iziqephu ze-Bland-Altman ze-(a) H2OPal, (b) HidrateSpark Steel, (c) HidrateSpark 3 kanye (d) ne-Thermos Smart Lid.Umugqa onedeshi umelela isikhawu sokuzethemba esizungeze incazelo, esibalwa ukusuka ekuchezukeni okujwayelekile kuThebula loku-1.
I-HidrateSpark Steel ne-H2OPal babe nokuchezuka okufanayo okujwayelekile okungu-20.04 mL no-21.41 mL, ngokulandelana. ngaphandle kwesifunda se-LoA.Ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okujwayelekile kwe-Thermos Smart Lid kwaba ngu-35.42 mL, futhi ngaphezu kuka-10% wezilinganiso bezingaphandle kwesifunda se-LoA esiboniswe kuMfanekiso 2d. Leli bhodlela linikeze Iphutha Le-Sip Mean elincane kakhulu kanye ne-Cumulative encane kakhulu. I-MPE, naphezu kokuba namarekhodi angekho kakhulu kanye nokuchezuka okujwayelekile okukhulu kakhulu.I-Thermos SmartLid inokurekhodwa okuningi okungabanjwanga ngenxa yokuthi utshani benzwa abufiki phansi esitsheni, okubangela ukurekhodwa okugejiwe lapho okuqukethwe koketshezi kungaphansi kwenduku yenzwa ( ~80 mL).Lokhu kufanele kuholele ekuthathweni kancane koketshezi; Nokho, i-Thermos bekuwukuphela kwebhodlela eline-MPE ephozithivu kanye ne-Sip Mean Error, okusho ukuthi ibhodlela lilinganisele ngokweqile uketshezi olumumatha amanzi. ngokwesilinganiso, okuhlanganisa nokuphuthwa okuningi okungarekhodiwe nhlobo (noma “okungalinganiselwa kancane”), umphumela omaphakathi uyalingana.Lapho kungabalwa amarekhodi aphuthelwe esibalweni, Iphutha Le-Sip Mean libe ngu-+10.38 mL, okuqinisekisa ukucabangela okukhulu kokuphuza kanye .Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kukuhle, ibhodlela empeleni alinembile ekulinganisweni kwe-sip ngayinye futhi alithembekile ngoba ligeja imicimbi eminingi yokuphuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 2d, i-Thermos SmartLid ibonakala ikhulisa iphutha ngokukhula kosayizi wokudonsa.
Sekukonke, i-H2OPal iyona enembe kakhulu ekulinganiseni ama-sips ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi indlela ethembeke kakhulu yokukala okurekhodiwe okuningi.I-Thermos Smart Lid yayinembe kancane futhi yayigejiwe kakhulu kunamanye amabhodlela.Ibhodlela le-HidrateSpark 3 libe nephutha elingaguquki. amanani, kodwa kwabukelwa phansi ama-sips amaningi abangele ukusebenza kabi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuvele ukuthi ibhodlela lingase libe ne-offset ethile enganxeshezelwa ngokusebenzisa i-algorithm yokulinganisa.Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ebhodleleni le-HidrateSpark, elinokuphambuka okuncane okujwayelekile kwephutha futhi elihlala lilulaza ukuphuzwa okukodwa.Izikwele ezincane (LS) indlela isetshenziswe nedatha yesigaba 1 kuyilapho kungafaki noma yimaphi amarekhodi angekho ukuze kutholwe amanani okulinganisa kanye nokuzuza.Izibalo eziwumphumela zasetshenziswa ekuphuzeni kukalwa esigabeni sesibili ukuze kubalwe inani langempela kanye nokunquma iphutha elilinganisiwe.Ithebula lesi-2 libonisa lokho kulinganisa. ithuthukise iphutha le-Sip mean lamabhodlela amabili e-HidrateSpark, kodwa hhayi i-H2OPal noma i-Thermos Smart Lid.
Phakathi neSigaba 1 lapho zonke izilinganiso zenziwa khona, ibhodlela ngalinye liphinde ligcwaliswe izikhathi eziningi, ngakho-ke i-MAE ebaliwe ingase ithinteke izinga lokugcwalisa ibhodlela. isamba sevolumu yebhodlela ngalinye.Ezilinganisweni zeSigaba 1, ukuhlolwa kwe-ANOVA kwendlela eyodwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholwe ukuthi amazinga abehluke kakhulu ngephutha eliphelele.Ku-HidrateSpark 3 kanye ne-Steel, amaphutha ezigaba ezintathu awahluke kakhulu. Kube nomehluko obalulekile womngcele (p Ukuhlolwa kwe-t enemisila emibili kwenziwa ukuze kuqhathaniswe amaphutha esigaba 1 kanye nesigaba 2 ebhodleleni ngalinye.Sithole u-p > 0.05 kuwo wonke amabhodlela, okusho ukuthi la maqembu amabili ayengahlukani kakhulu.Nokho, kwaphawulwa ukuthi amabhodlela amabili e-HidrateSpark ilahlekelwe inani eliphezulu kakhulu lokurekhodiwe esigabeni 2.Ku-H2OPal, inani lokurekhodwa okugejiwe licishe lilingane (2 vs. 3), kanti ku-Thermos SmartLid kube nokuqoshwa okugejiwe okumbalwa (6 vs. 10).Njengoba amabhodlela e-HidrateSpark konke kuthuthukisiwe ngemva kokulinganisa, ukuhlolwa kuka-t nakho kwenziwa ngemva kokulinganisa.Ku-HidrateSpark 3, kunomehluko omkhulu emaphutheni phakathi kweSigaba 1 neSigaba 2 (p = 0.046).Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yenani eliphezulu lamarekhodi angekho. esigabeni 2 uma kuqhathaniswa nesigaba 1.
Lesi sigaba sinikeza imininingwane mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwebhodlela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalo, kanye nolunye ulwazi olusebenzayo.Nakuba ukunemba kwebhodlela kubalulekile, isici sokusebenziseka sibalulekile lapho ukhetha ibhodlela.
I-HidrateSpark 3 kanye ne-HidrateSpark Steel ifakwe izibani ze-LED ezikhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuthi baphuze amanzi uma bengafinyeleli imigomo yabo njengoba behlelile, noma bakhanyise izikhathi ezithile ngosuku (okusethwe umsebenzisi).Futhi bangasethwa ukuthi bakhanyise ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umsebenzisi ephuza.I-H2OPal ne-Thermos Smart Lid abanayo impendulo ebonakalayo yokukhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuthi baphuze amanzi.Nokho, wonke amabhodlela athengiwe anezaziso zeselula zokukhumbuza abasebenzisi ukuthi baphuze ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula.Inombolo yezaziso ngosuku ingaba eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ku-HidrateSpark kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-H2OPal.
I-HidrateSpark 3 ne-Steel zisebenzisa amathrendi aqondile ukuze ziqondise abasebenzisi ukuthi baphuze nini amanzi futhi zinikeze umgomo ophakanyiswa njalo ngehora abasebenzisi okufanele bawufinyelele ekupheleni kosuku.I-H2OPal ne-Thermos Smart Lid zihlinzeka kuphela ngomgomo ophelele wansuku zonke.Kuwo wonke amabhodlela, uma idivayisi ayixhunyiwe kuhlelo lokusebenza nge-bluetooth, idatha izogcinwa endaweni futhi ivumelaniswe ngemva kokumataniswa.
Awekho amabhodlela amane agxile ku-hydration kubantu abadala.Ukwengeza, amafomula amabhodlela awasebenzisayo ukuze anqume imigomo yokudla kwansuku zonke awatholakali, okwenza kube nzima ukunquma ukuthi afanelekile yini kubantu abadala.Iningi lala mabhodlela makhulu futhi asindayo futhi awakho. yakhelwe abadala.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula kungase kungafaneleki kubantu abadala, nakuba kungase kube usizo kubacwaningi ukuqoqa idatha bekude.
Wonke amabhodlela awakwazi ukunquma ukuthi uketshezi ludliwe yini, lulahliwe noma luchithiwe yini. Wonke amabhodlela adinga ukubekwa endaweni engaphezulu ngemva kokuphuzwa ngakunye ukuze urekhode kahle ukuphuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iziphuzo zingagejwa uma ibhodlela lingabekwanga phansi, ikakhulukazi uma ukugcwalisa kabusha.
Omunye umkhawulo ukuthi idivayisi idinga ukubhangqwa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile nohlelo lokusebenza ukuze ivumelanise idatha.I-Thermos yayidinga ukubhangqwa futhi njalo uma uhlelo lokusebenza luvulwa, futhi ibhodlela le-HidrateSpark lalivame ukuba nobunzima bokuthola uxhumano lwe-Bluetooth.I-H2OPal ilula kakhulu. ukubhanqa kabusha nohlelo lokusebenza uma uxhumano lulahlekile.Wonke amabhodlela ayalinganiswa ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukuhlola futhi kufanele alinganiswe kabusha okungenani kanye phakathi nenqubo.Ibhodlela le-HidrateSpark kanye ne-H2OPal kufanele kuthululwe futhi kugcwaliswe ngokuphelele ukuze kulinganiswe.
Wonke amabhodlela awanayo inketho yokukhipha noma ukulondoloza idatha isikhathi eside.Futhi, awekho kuwo angafinyelelwa nge-API.
I-HidrateSpark 3 ne-H2OPal zisebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion ashintshwayo, i-HidrateSpark Steel kanye ne-Thermos SmartLid zisebenzisa amabhethri ashajwa kabusha.Njengoba kusho umkhiqizi, ibhethri elishajekayo kufanele lihlale kuze kube amasonto angu-2 lishajwe ngokugcwele, nokho-ke, kufanele lishajwe cishe masonto onke uma usebenzisa. i-Thermos SmartLid kakhulu.Lokhu kuwumkhawulo njengoba abantu abaningi bengeke bakhumbule ukushajwa kabusha ibhodlela njalo.
Kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwebhodlela elihlakaniphile, ikakhulukazi uma umsebenzisi engumuntu osekhulile.Isisindo nomthamo webhodlela kuyisici esibalulekile njengoba kudingeka kube lula ukusetshenziswa ngabantu abadala ababuthakathaka.Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, la mabhodlela awenzelwe abantu abadala.Intengo kanye nenani loketshezi ebhodleleni ngalinye nakho kungesinye isici.Ithebula lesi-3 libonisa ubude, isisindo, umthamo owuketshezi kanye nenani lebhodlela ngalinye.I-Thermos Smart Lid iyona eshibhe futhi elula kakhulu njengoba injalo. enziwe ngokuphelele ngepulasitiki elula.Ibuye ibambe uketshezi oluningi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amabhodlela amathathu.Ngokuphambene, i-H2OPal yayiyinde kunawo wonke, inzima futhi ibiza kakhulu amabhodlela ocwaningo.
Amabhodlela ahlakaniphile atholakala ngokwezentengiso awusizo kubacwaningi ngoba asikho isidingo sokwenza uhlobo lwemishini emisha. Nakuba kunamabhodlela amanzi amaningi ahlakaniphile atholakalayo, inkinga evame kakhulu ukuthi abasebenzisi abakwazi ukufinyelela kudatha noma amasignali aluhlaza, futhi eminye imiphumela kuphela kukhonjiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza lweselula.Kunesidingo sokwenza ibhodlela elihlakaniphile elisetshenziswa kabanzi elinokunemba okuphezulu kanye nedatha efinyeleleka ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi elungiselelwe abantu abadala.Kumabhodlela amane ahloliwe, i-H2OPal ngaphandle kwebhokisi yayine-Sip MPE ephansi kakhulu, i-MPE eqoqiwe, nenombolo yokurekhodwa okungagejiwe.I-HidrateSpark 3 inomugqa ophezulu kakhulu, ukuchezuka okujwayelekile okuncane kakhulu kanye ne-MAE.HidrateSpark Steel kanye ne-HidrateSpark 3 zingamane zilinganiswe mathupha ukuze kuncishiswe iphutha le-Sip mean kusetshenziswa indlela ye-LS.Ukuze uthole okurekhodiwe okunembe kakhudlwana, i-HidrateSpark 3 iyibhodlela elikhethwayo, kuyilapho ukulinganisa okungaguquguquki ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-H2OPal iyinketho yokuqala.I-Thermos SmartLid yayinokusebenza okuthembekile okuncane kakhulu, ibe nokuphuze kakhulu, kanye nokuphuzwayo okulinganiselwe komuntu ngamunye.
Ucwaningo alunayo imikhawulo.Ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela, abasebenzisi abaningi bazophuza kwezinye iziqukathi, ikakhulukazi uketshezi olushisayo, iziphuzo ezithengwa esitolo, notshwala.Umsebenzi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele uhlole ukuthi ifomu lebhodlela ngalinye liwathinta kanjani amaphutha ukuze kuqondiswe ukwakheka kwebhodlela lamanzi elihlakaniphile. .
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Lo msebenzi usekelwe yi-Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation Grant (FDN-148450) .UDkt. UFernie uthole uxhaso njengoSihlalo weCreaghan Wokuvinjelwa Komndeni kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bezokwelapha.
Kite Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute – University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
Conceptualization - RC; Indlela yokwenza - RC, AR; Ukubhala - Ukulungiselela Umbhalo Wesandla - RC, AR; Ukubhala - Buyekeza futhi Uhlele, GF, AR; Ukuqondisa - AR, GF Bonke ababhali bafundile futhi bavumelana nenguqulo eshicilelwe yesandla.
I-Springer Nature ihlala ingathathi hlangothi ngokuphathelene nezimangalo ezingokomthetho zamamephu ashicilelwe kanye nezinhlangano ezisebenzisana nazo.
Vula Ukufinyelela Le ndatshana inikezwe ilayisense ngaphansi kwe-Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, evumela ukusetshenziswa, ukwabelana, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokukhiqizwa kabusha nganoma iyiphi indlela noma ifomethi, inqobo nje uma unikeza ikhredithi efanelekile kumbhali nomthombo wokuqala, ngokuhlinzeka ngelayisensi ye-Creative Commons. , futhi ikhombise ukuthi ngabe izinguquko zenziwe yini.Izithombe noma ezinye izinto zenkampani yangaphandle kulesi sihloko zifakwe ngaphansi kwelayisensi ye-Creative Commons ye-athikili, ngaphandle uma kuboniswe ngenye indlela kumakhredithi omsebenzi.Uma okokusebenza kungafakiwe ku-Creative Commons ilayisensi ye-athikili futhi ukusetshenziswa kwakho okuhlosiwe akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho noma ngokomthetho noma kweqa okuvunyelwe, uzodinga ukuthola imvume ngokuqondile kumnikazi we-copyright. Ukuze ubuke ikhophi yale layisensi, vakashela ku-http://creativecommons.org/licenses /ngu/4.0/.
U-Cohen, R., Fernie, G., kanye no-Roshan Fekr, A. Ukuqapha uketshezi olusetshenziswayo emabhodleleni amanzi ahlakaniphile atholakala ngokwezentengiso.I-Science Rep 12, 4402 (2022). -5
Ngokuthumela amazwana, uyavuma ukuthobela Imigomo yethu Nezinkombandlela Zomphakathi.Uma ubona okuqukethwe okuhlukumezayo noma okuqukethwe okungahambisani nemigomo noma imihlahlandlela yethu, sicela ukukuhlabe njengokungalungile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-29-2022
